Antibody-Based Tracers for PET/SPECT Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Chronic inflammatory diseases are often progressive, resulting not only in physical damage to patients but also social and economic burdens, making early diagnosis of them critical. Nuclear medicine techniques can enhance the detection of inflammation by providing functional as well as anatomical information when combined with other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or ultrasonography. Although small molecules and peptides were mainly used for the treatment and imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in the past, antibodies and their fragments have also been emerging for chronic inflammatory diseases as they show high specificity to their targets and can have various biological half-lives depending on how they are engineered. In addition, imaging with antibodies or their fragments can visualize the in vivo biodistribution of the probes or help monitor therapeutic responses, thereby providing physicians with a greater understanding of drug behavior in vivo and another means of monitoring their patients. In this review, we introduce various targets and radiolabeled antibody-based probes for the molecular imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Targets can be classified into three different categories: 1) cell-adhesion molecules, 2) surface markers on immune cells, and 3) cytokines or enzymes. The limitations and future directions of using radiolabeled antibodies for imaging inflammatory diseases are also discussed.     

双PWM变频调速系统在矿井提升机中的应用

针对目前大部分矿井提升机仍采用转子串电阻调速方法造成能量浪费的现状,提出了一种双PWM变频调速方案:三相电压型PWM整流器采用电压、电流双闭环控制,其中电流环引入前馈解耦控制,并结合空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)算法来提高直流电压利用率。仿真实验的结果表明,该双PWM变频调速系统控制精度高、动态响应快、抗扰能力强,能有效地实现矿井提升机的节能降耗。     

十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）对铜电沉积行为的影响

在酸性体系中采用阴极扫描伏安和计时电流等电化学测试方法，研究添加十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）对铜电沉积过程的影响机理。结果表明：SDS的添加使沉积电位正移，降低了阴极极化。SDS浓度低于临界胶束浓度1g/L时，铜的成核弛豫时间延长，形核速率降低。SDS浓度高于临界胶束浓度时，形成SDS球状胶束，铜的成核弛豫时间减少，形核速率加快。铜晶核形成过程符合Scharitker?Hill 三维成核/生长机制，当SDS为1g/L时，在-0.2V的低过电位区，铜结晶按渐进成核方式进行，在-0.23--0.28V的高过电位区，铜结晶按瞬时成核方式进行。而当SDS为0.5g/L时，铜在-0.2V--0.25V的低电位区和在-0.28V的高电位区均符合渐进成核。     

Highly Bendable and Rotational Textile Structure with Prestrained Conductive Sewing Pattern for Human Joint Monitoring

Human joints have respective ranges of motion and joint forces corresponding to each kind of joint; this necessitates considerations of the characteristics of human joints to fabricate wearable strain sensors conformable to the human body, and capable of precisely monitoring complex motions of the human body. In the present study, the “all textile‐based highly stretchable structure” that is capable of precisely sensing motions (folding and rotation) of the human joints (finger, wrist, elbow, spine, and knee) is fabricated by optimizing patterns (straight, blind, and zigzag) of conductive yarns employed as the conductive part of the strain sensor, and several textile substrates (braided elastic fabric, knit fabric, and woven fabric), having preferable elasticity and conformability employed for the fabrication of strain sensors suitable for human joints. In particular, the technology, enabling the prestraining of textile substrate, is exploited to fabricate a strain sensor that is capable of outputting selective signals corresponding to the folding motion of the spinal joint over a predetermined angle of motion, and the gait pattern of the wearer of the sensor, attached to his or her knee joint doing folding and rotational motions, is analyzed.     

Parametric optimization of packed bed for activated coal fly ash waste heat recovery using CFD techniques

Coal fly ash is an industrial solid waste generated from coal preparation during the processing and cleaning of coal for electric power generation. Comprehensive investigation on the reutilization of waste heat of activated coal fly ash is of great economic significance. The method of recovering the waste heat, proposed in this study,is the transfer of heat from activated coal fly ash to gas with the movement of air using the packed bed, providing valuable energy sources for preheating the raw coal fly ash to reduce the overall energy consumption. The investigation is carried on the heat transfer characteristics of gas–solid(activated coal fly ash) phases and air temperature fields of the packed bed under some key conditions via computational fluid dynamics. A two dimensional geometry is utilized to represent key parts of packed bed. The distribution mechanism of the temperature field for gas phase is analyzed based on the transient temperature contours at different times. The results show that the obtained rule of gas–solid heat transfer can effectively evaluate the influences of operating parameters on the air temperature in the packed bed. Simultaneously, it is found that no temperature differences exist in the hot air at the outlet of the packed bed. The investigation provides guidance for the design and optimization of other similar energy recovery apparatuses in industries.     

Prediction of curved oil–water interface in horizontal pipes using modified model with dynamic contact angle

In this study, interface shapes of horizontal oil–water two-phase flow are predicted by using Young-Laplace equation model and minimum energy model. Meanwhile, the interface shapes of horizontal oil–water twophase flow in a 20 mm inner diameter pipe are measured by a novel conductance parallel-wire array probe(CPAP). It is found that, for flow conditions with low water holdup, there is a large deviation between the model-predicted interface shape and the experimentally measured one. Since the variation of pipe wetting characteristics in the process of fluid flow can lead to the changes of the contact angle between the fluid and the pipe wall, the models mentioned above are modified by considering dynamic contact angle. The results indicate that the interface shapes predicted by the modified models present a good consistence with the ones measured by CPAP.     

Large-scale laboratory study on the evolution law of temperature fields in the context of underground coal gasification

This article presents the evolution law of temperature fields in a large-scale laboratory Underground Coal Gasification reactions using Ulanqab lignite under actual conditions. The results show that in the cultivation stage of oxidation zone, the main direction of the temperature field expansion is consistent with the crack direction of the coal seam. In the gasification stabilization stage, the main direction of the temperature field expansion is along the channel. The temperature of the coal seam and the overlying rock mass at its interface with the furnace directly above the gasification channel is equivalent to that of the coal seam temperature, and this temperature is much greater than the temperatures observed near both side walls of the gasification channel at the interface. However, temperatures perpendicular to the axis of the gasification channel are similar at a vertical distance of 40 cm away from the interface. The temperature distributions indicate that the transmission of heat through the overlying rock mass is more rapid in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction. Moreover, some degree of thermal dispersion is observed in the vertical direction near the outlet. The thermal dispersion coefficient is 0.72 and dispersion angle γ is 78.7°.